Integrand size = 32, antiderivative size = 116 \[ \int \frac {a^2-b^2 \cos ^2(c+d x)}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)|\frac {2 b}{a+b}\right )}{d \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}}+\frac {4 a \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x),\frac {2 b}{a+b}\right )}{d \sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)}} \]
-2*(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)*EllipticE(sin(1/2*d*x+1 /2*c),2^(1/2)*(b/(a+b))^(1/2))*(a+b*cos(d*x+c))^(1/2)/d/((a+b*cos(d*x+c))/ (a+b))^(1/2)+4*a*(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)*EllipticF (sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2^(1/2)*(b/(a+b))^(1/2))*((a+b*cos(d*x+c))/(a+b))^(1/2 )/d/(a+b*cos(d*x+c))^(1/2)
Time = 0.35 (sec) , antiderivative size = 83, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.72 \[ \int \frac {a^2-b^2 \cos ^2(c+d x)}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \left ((a+b) E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)|\frac {2 b}{a+b}\right )-2 a \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x),\frac {2 b}{a+b}\right )\right )}{d \sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)}} \]
(-2*Sqrt[(a + b*Cos[c + d*x])/(a + b)]*((a + b)*EllipticE[(c + d*x)/2, (2* b)/(a + b)] - 2*a*EllipticF[(c + d*x)/2, (2*b)/(a + b)]))/(d*Sqrt[a + b*Co s[c + d*x]])
Time = 0.67 (sec) , antiderivative size = 116, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 12, number of rules used = 12, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.375, Rules used = {3042, 3495, 25, 3042, 3231, 3042, 3134, 3042, 3132, 3142, 3042, 3140}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {a^2-b^2 \cos ^2(c+d x)}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^{3/2}} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {a^2-b^2 \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )^2}{\left (a+b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )\right )^{3/2}}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3495 |
\(\displaystyle -\int -\frac {a-b \cos (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)}}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {a-b \cos (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)}}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {a-b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a+b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3231 |
\(\displaystyle 2 a \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)}}dx-\int \sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle 2 a \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx-\int \sqrt {a+b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3134 |
\(\displaystyle 2 a \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx-\frac {\sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)} \int \sqrt {\frac {a}{a+b}+\frac {b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}dx}{\sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle 2 a \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx-\frac {\sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)} \int \sqrt {\frac {a}{a+b}+\frac {b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{a+b}}dx}{\sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3132 |
\(\displaystyle 2 a \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx-\frac {2 \sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)|\frac {2 b}{a+b}\right )}{d \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3142 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 a \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\frac {a}{a+b}+\frac {b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}}dx}{\sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)|\frac {2 b}{a+b}\right )}{d \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 a \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\frac {a}{a+b}+\frac {b \sin \left (c+d x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{a+b}}}dx}{\sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)|\frac {2 b}{a+b}\right )}{d \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3140 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {4 a \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x),\frac {2 b}{a+b}\right )}{d \sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {a+b \cos (c+d x)} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)|\frac {2 b}{a+b}\right )}{d \sqrt {\frac {a+b \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}}\) |
(-2*Sqrt[a + b*Cos[c + d*x]]*EllipticE[(c + d*x)/2, (2*b)/(a + b)])/(d*Sqr t[(a + b*Cos[c + d*x])/(a + b)]) + (4*a*Sqrt[(a + b*Cos[c + d*x])/(a + b)] *EllipticF[(c + d*x)/2, (2*b)/(a + b)])/(d*Sqrt[a + b*Cos[c + d*x]])
3.7.71.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[2*(Sqrt[a + b]/d)*EllipticE[(1/2)*(c - Pi/2 + d*x), 2*(b/(a + b))], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && GtQ[a + b, 0]
Int[Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[Sqrt[a + b*Sin[c + d*x]]/Sqrt[(a + b*Sin[c + d*x])/(a + b)] Int[Sqrt[a/(a + b) + ( b/(a + b))*Sin[c + d*x]], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2 , 0] && !GtQ[a + b, 0]
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[(2/(d*S qrt[a + b]))*EllipticF[(1/2)*(c - Pi/2 + d*x), 2*(b/(a + b))], x] /; FreeQ[ {a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && GtQ[a + b, 0]
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[Sqrt[(a + b*Sin[c + d*x])/(a + b)]/Sqrt[a + b*Sin[c + d*x]] Int[1/Sqrt[a/(a + b) + (b/(a + b))*Sin[c + d*x]], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && !GtQ[a + b, 0]
Int[((c_.) + (d_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(e_.) + ( f_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[(b*c - a*d)/b Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*Sin[e + f*x ]], x], x] + Simp[d/b Int[Sqrt[a + b*Sin[e + f*x]], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b , c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])^(m_.)*((A_.) + (C_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]^2), x_Symbol] :> Simp[C/b^2 Int[(a + b*Sin[e + f*x])^(m + 1) *Simp[-a + b*Sin[e + f*x], x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, e, f, A, C, m}, x] && EqQ[A*b^2 + a^2*C, 0]
Time = 14.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 218, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.88
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {2 \sqrt {\left (2 b \left (\cos ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+a -b \right ) \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}\, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {\frac {2 b \left (\cos ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+a -b}{a -b}}\, \left (2 F\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) a -E\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) a +E\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) b \right )}{\sqrt {-2 \left (\sin ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right ) b +\left (a +b \right ) \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}\, \sin \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sqrt {-2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+a +b}\, d}\) | \(218\) |
parts | \(-\frac {2 a^{2} \left (2 \cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right ) b +E\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) \sqrt {-\frac {2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a -b}+\frac {a +b}{a -b}}\, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, a -E\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) \sqrt {-\frac {2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a -b}+\frac {a +b}{a -b}}\, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, b \right )}{\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right ) \sin \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sqrt {-2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+a +b}\, d}+\frac {4 \cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right ) a^{2} b -4 \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a -b}+\frac {a +b}{a -b}}\, F\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) a^{3}+4 a \,b^{2} \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a -b}+\frac {a +b}{a -b}}\, F\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right )+4 \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a -b}+\frac {a +b}{a -b}}\, E\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) a^{3}-4 \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a -b}+\frac {a +b}{a -b}}\, E\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) a^{2} b -2 \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a -b}+\frac {a +b}{a -b}}\, E\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) a \,b^{2}+2 \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{a -b}+\frac {a +b}{a -b}}\, E\left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {-\frac {2 b}{a -b}}\right ) b^{3}}{\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right ) \sin \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sqrt {-2 b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+a +b}\, d}\) | \(747\) |
risch | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(1066\) |
-2*((2*b*cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2+a-b)*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*(sin(1/2*d* x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*((2*b*cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2+a-b)/(a-b))^(1/2)*(2*Elliptic F(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),(-2*b/(a-b))^(1/2))*a-EllipticE(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),(- 2*b/(a-b))^(1/2))*a+EllipticE(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),(-2*b/(a-b))^(1/2))*b)/(- 2*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^4*b+(a+b)*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/sin(1/2*d*x+1/2 *c)/(-2*b*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2+a+b)^(1/2)/d
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
Time = 0.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 355, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.06 \[ \int \frac {a^2-b^2 \cos ^2(c+d x)}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {-5 i \, \sqrt {2} a \sqrt {b} {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (\frac {4 \, {\left (4 \, a^{2} - 3 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, b^{2}}, -\frac {8 \, {\left (8 \, a^{3} - 9 \, a b^{2}\right )}}{27 \, b^{3}}, \frac {3 \, b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 3 i \, b \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 2 \, a}{3 \, b}\right ) + 5 i \, \sqrt {2} a \sqrt {b} {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (\frac {4 \, {\left (4 \, a^{2} - 3 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, b^{2}}, -\frac {8 \, {\left (8 \, a^{3} - 9 \, a b^{2}\right )}}{27 \, b^{3}}, \frac {3 \, b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - 3 i \, b \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 2 \, a}{3 \, b}\right ) - 3 i \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {3}{2}} {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (\frac {4 \, {\left (4 \, a^{2} - 3 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, b^{2}}, -\frac {8 \, {\left (8 \, a^{3} - 9 \, a b^{2}\right )}}{27 \, b^{3}}, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (\frac {4 \, {\left (4 \, a^{2} - 3 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, b^{2}}, -\frac {8 \, {\left (8 \, a^{3} - 9 \, a b^{2}\right )}}{27 \, b^{3}}, \frac {3 \, b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 3 i \, b \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 2 \, a}{3 \, b}\right )\right ) + 3 i \, \sqrt {2} b^{\frac {3}{2}} {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (\frac {4 \, {\left (4 \, a^{2} - 3 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, b^{2}}, -\frac {8 \, {\left (8 \, a^{3} - 9 \, a b^{2}\right )}}{27 \, b^{3}}, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (\frac {4 \, {\left (4 \, a^{2} - 3 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, b^{2}}, -\frac {8 \, {\left (8 \, a^{3} - 9 \, a b^{2}\right )}}{27 \, b^{3}}, \frac {3 \, b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - 3 i \, b \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 2 \, a}{3 \, b}\right )\right )}{3 \, b d} \]
1/3*(-5*I*sqrt(2)*a*sqrt(b)*weierstrassPInverse(4/3*(4*a^2 - 3*b^2)/b^2, - 8/27*(8*a^3 - 9*a*b^2)/b^3, 1/3*(3*b*cos(d*x + c) + 3*I*b*sin(d*x + c) + 2 *a)/b) + 5*I*sqrt(2)*a*sqrt(b)*weierstrassPInverse(4/3*(4*a^2 - 3*b^2)/b^2 , -8/27*(8*a^3 - 9*a*b^2)/b^3, 1/3*(3*b*cos(d*x + c) - 3*I*b*sin(d*x + c) + 2*a)/b) - 3*I*sqrt(2)*b^(3/2)*weierstrassZeta(4/3*(4*a^2 - 3*b^2)/b^2, - 8/27*(8*a^3 - 9*a*b^2)/b^3, weierstrassPInverse(4/3*(4*a^2 - 3*b^2)/b^2, - 8/27*(8*a^3 - 9*a*b^2)/b^3, 1/3*(3*b*cos(d*x + c) + 3*I*b*sin(d*x + c) + 2 *a)/b)) + 3*I*sqrt(2)*b^(3/2)*weierstrassZeta(4/3*(4*a^2 - 3*b^2)/b^2, -8/ 27*(8*a^3 - 9*a*b^2)/b^3, weierstrassPInverse(4/3*(4*a^2 - 3*b^2)/b^2, -8/ 27*(8*a^3 - 9*a*b^2)/b^3, 1/3*(3*b*cos(d*x + c) - 3*I*b*sin(d*x + c) + 2*a )/b)))/(b*d)
\[ \int \frac {a^2-b^2 \cos ^2(c+d x)}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {a - b \cos {\left (c + d x \right )}}{\sqrt {a + b \cos {\left (c + d x \right )}}}\, dx \]
\[ \int \frac {a^2-b^2 \cos ^2(c+d x)}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { -\frac {b^{2} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - a^{2}}{{\left (b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + a\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \frac {a^2-b^2 \cos ^2(c+d x)}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { -\frac {b^{2} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - a^{2}}{{\left (b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + a\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {a^2-b^2 \cos ^2(c+d x)}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {a^2-b^2\,{\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}^2}{{\left (a+b\,\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \]